Cosmolearning is a free educational website for students and teachers. In the simplest case, the products of a distillation process are limited to an overhead distillate and a bottoms, whose compositions di er from that of the feed. Definition distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility vapour pressure of the components in a boiling liquid mixture it is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction. Process of vaporizing a liquid, condensing the vapor, and collecting the. Chemical engineering process modelling and simulation nptel. Examples of uses of distillation include purification of alcohol, desalination, crude oil refining, and making liquefied gases from air. The principles of vacuum distillation resemble those of fractional distillation commonly called atmospheric distillation to distinguish it from the vacuum method, except that largerdiameter columns are used to maintain comparable vapour velocities at reduced operating pressures. The butene feed is a mixture of reactive isobutene and nonreactive nbutene. Ppt distillation powerpoint presentation free to download.
A simple design method for multicomponent distillation columns. Mod01 lec18 more on complex columns and reactive distillation. Introduction to multicomponent distillation in industry, most of the distillation processes involve with more than two components. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Rao, amit kumar, ashok kumar, devendra agarwal, abhishek sinha department of chemical engineering, indian institute of technology, kanpur 208016, india abstract. Multicomponent distillation calculation methods are classified as rating or design methods. Dist2 in this equation, pt is the total vapor pressure of the solution, p1 o, is the vapor pressure of pure compound 1, x1 is the mole fraction of compound 1, p2 0 is the vapor pressure of pure compound 2, and x2 is the mole fraction of compound 2. The multicomponent separations are carried out by using the same type of distillation columns, reboilers. Mccabe thiele nptel chemical mass transfer operation 1.
Nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses. The simple distillation process we will employ typically produces a. Petroleum refining petroleum refining vacuum distillation. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Steam distillation is a separation process used to purify or isolate temperaturesensitive materials, such as natural aromatic compounds. We cover the cycle of vaporization, cooling, and condensation that is the basis for the process. Energy resources and technology nptel online videos, courses iit video lectures. Nov 18, 20 plantwide control of chemical processes by dr. Mccabethiele method mccabe and thiele 1925 developed a graphical method to determine the theoretical number of stages required to effect the separation of a binary mixture mccabe and. Distillation is an important commercial process that is used in the purification of a large variety of materials. A thermometer is held in place in the vertical arm of the distillation adapter by a special rubber connector at a height adjusted so that the top of the. Distillation definition, detailed process, types, uses. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine.
The vertical shell houses the column internals and together with the condenser and reboiler, constitute a distillation column. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Lecture 1 introduction to mass transfer lecture 2 molecular diffusion lecture. Digimat video learning platform nptel keyword search. Distillation is the process of separating components of a mixture based on different boiling points. Textbooks applied process design for chemical and petrochemical plants, ernest e. Mod05 lec01 introduction to distillation and phase diagrams. Binary flash distillation example example problem focused on determining the operating conditions for a binary flash distillation column. Nptel, online courses and certification, learn for free. The distillation process can be carried out in continuous, batch or. Definition distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility vapour pressure of the components in a boiling liquid mixture it is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical r. Distillation introduction distillation is the process of heating a liquid solution, or a liquidvapor mixture, to derive o a vapor and then collecting and condensing this vapor.
It addresses the most important and current research on. Halvorsen and sigurd skogestad norwegian university of science and technology department of chemical engineering 7491 trondheim, norway this is a revised version of an article accepted for publication in the encyclopedia of separation science by academic press ltd. Chapter 8 extraction with reflux for type ii systems. This is the basis of sizing distillation columns using the mccabethiele graphical design methodology as shown in the following example.
Distillation is the least expensive means of separating mixtures of liquids. Chemical engineering plantwide control of chemical. Jan 29, 2020 distillation is the process of separating components of a mixture based on different boiling points. Basic equipment and operation of distillation columns. Binary distillation with multiple feeds binary distillation example with multiple feeds solved using mccabethiele analysis. Try one of the apps below to open or edit this item. Nptel chemical mass transfer operation 1 joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 1 of 9 module 5. Steam or water is added to the distillation apparatus, lowering the boiling points of the compounds. Today, distillation is highly developed in all respects, i. Familiar examples include the distillation of crude fermentation broths into alcoholic spirits such as gin and vodka, and the fractionation of crude oil into useful products such as gasoline and heating oil. If relative volatilities of components is less than 1. This consists of a roundbottomed flask connected by means of a distillation adapter to a watercooled condenser.
Energy resources and technology nptel online videos. Petroleum refining visbreaking, thermal cracking, and. Contact us today at 3147141580 to talk with and epic engineer regarding an upcoming distillation systems project. A simple distillation apparatus is shown in figure 1. Distillation distillation is a commonly used method for purifying liquids and separating mixtures of liquids into their individual components. Introduction to column distillation distillation is the most common separation technique in chemical process industry, accounting for 9095% of the separation operations this is why more than a half of this course is devoted to distillation or column distillation, which includes binarymixture distillation. Distillation is a separation process that involves heating a liquid to its boiling. However, before we begin a discussion of distillation. Furthermore, many of the new sources of crude petroleum california, alaska, venezuela, and mexico have yielded heavier crude oils with higher. Methods, operational and design issues conference paper pdf available september 2009 with 21,829 reads how we measure reads. Thermodynamic analysis of multicomponent distillation. Digimat the video learning platform keyword search filter from 64,283 nptel video lectures please be patient when the page loads, as it may take 60 seconds or more to display the search box. Lecture 1 distillation introduction linkedin slideshare. The goal is to heat and separate the components at temperatures below their decomposition point.
In the simplest case, the products of a distillation process are limited to an overhead distillate and a. Distillation columns are made up of several components, each of which is used either to tranfer heat energy or enhance materail transfer. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses. Such a homogeneous mixture will boil at a temperature between the. Distillation refers to the selective boiling and subsequent condensation of a component in a liquid mixture. Doing the graphical construction repeatedly will give rise to a number of corner sections, and each section will be equivalent to a stage of the distillation. Courses 1,291 documentaries 1,791 videos 1,320 images 1,342 available courses 1,291 courses, 34,298 video lectures graphql crash course in 4 hours. Azeotrope the changes in temperature and composition of the vapor are plotted versus time for batch distillation of a binary liquid that has an azeotrope.
Humans have been using distillation since at least 3000 bc in the indus valley. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Industrial use distillation is technically the mosttt mature separation operation distillationisdistillation is veryenergyvery energy intensive, especially when the relative volatility, is low videos. Liquid membranes, gas separation, membrane distillation. Introduction nihad omer hassan 1nihad omer hassan 2. Jul 25, 2019 steam distillation is a separation process used to purify or isolate temperaturesensitive materials, such as natural aromatic compounds. Never distill the distillation flask to dryness as there is a risk of explosion and. A simple design method for multicomponent distillation. Nihad omer hassan 2 course description 2 hours lecture, 2 hour tutorial per week, 3 credit hours. Batch distillation it is a simple distillation where the liquid is charged to a reboiler still, is boiled slowly and the vapors are taken directly from the condenser. Distillation distillation is the most common separation technique in chemical process industry, accounting for 9095% of the separation operations this is why more than a half of this course is devoted to distillation or column distillation, which includes binarymixture distillation multicomponent distillation. Access free thermodynamic analysis of multicomponent distillation mccabethiele graphical method to determine the number of equilibrium stages in a distillation column.
Nptel chemical mass transfer operation 1 joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 1 of 12 module 5. Continue the distillation until only 8 ml of liquid remains in the rb. Since world war ii the demand for light products e. Uses the mccabethiele graphical method to determine the number of equilibrium stages in a distillation column. Distillation principles chemical engineering, 200711, rvce. Deriving the differential equations of mass transfer derives the differential equations for mass transfer using the integral method and shell balances.
A simple design method for multicomponent distillation columns d. Petroleum refining petroleum refining visbreaking, thermal cracking, and coking. Software aerospace engineering cosmetology film photography. This channel contains technical lectures on chemical engineering from seven indian institutes of technology iits and indian institute of science iisc. The process of distillation exploits the difference in. Nitin kaistha, department of chemical engineering,iit kanpur. When two liquids form a homogeneous solution, they are said to be miscible. Learn for free, pay a small fee for exam and get a certificate.
In a way, these are similar to the lewismatheson method, but the match is found either geometrically or by a tuning algorithm. A typical distillation contains several major components. Introduction to mass transfer and diffusion, molecular diffusion in gases, liquids, biological solutions and gels diffusivity measurement and prediction, multicomponent diffusion, molecular diffusion in solids numerical methods for steadystate molecular diffusion in two dimension mass transfer coefficients. Theory and modeling of plate columns, nonisothermal operation modeling of plate columns modeling of packed columns, introduction to multicomponent. It is a separation technique that can be used to either increase the concentration of a particular component in the mixture or to obtain almost pure components from the mixture. Distillation or rectification is the most important technique for separating fluid mixtures into pure substances. Chemical engineering mass transfer operations i nptel. Sparged and agitated vessels, venture scrubber, wetted wall towers tray and packed towers, mass transfer coefficients for packed towers absorption. Jul 26, 2016 lecture 1 distillation introduction 1.
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